BAB I
Pengertian Tenses
Kata tenses berasal dari kata tempus (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu atau time dan diperoleh melalui bahasa perancis yaitu temps. Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukkan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya. Tenses amatlah besar peranannya dalam suatu kalimat karena dengan adanya tenses maka kita dapat mengetahui kapan terjadinya suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan
Tenses merupakan bentuk waktu yang sangat penting untuk memperdalam bahasa inggris, karena membantu kita dalam menggunakan kalimat dengan baik, terutama dalam pemakaian kata kerjanya.
Di dalam aturan bahasa inggris kata kerjanya memiliki tiga bentuk dan masing-masing bentuk disesuaikan dengan penggunaannya karena dalam bahasa inngris bentuk waktu digunakan untuk menyatakan tiga kejadian. Kejadian itu antara lain
a) Kejadian masa lampau
b) Kejadian sekarang
c) Kejadian masa yang akan datang
Pada dasarnya kata kerja yang akan dipakai pada saat menyatakan kejadian masa lampau, sekarang dan masa yang akan datang adalah tidak sama, oleh karena itu pengertian mengenai tenses sangat penting untuk dipahami. Dalam bahasa inggris tenses ini biasa dikenal dengan sebutan “ 16 bentuk waktu”.
Buku Pintar Tenses
Oleh Anik M. Indriastuti, M.Hum
BAB II
Macam-macam tenses
Rumus: [S + Verb1 + O/C]
Rumus: [S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Rumus: [S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]
Rumus: [S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
2. Past Tenses
- Simple Past tense
- Simple Past tense
Rumus: Subject + to be (was/were) + complement
Rumus: Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Rumus: Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object
Rumus: Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
3. (Present) Future Tenses
- (Present) Simple Future tense
Rumus: Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
- (Present) Future Continuous tense
Rumus: Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
- (Present) Future Perfect tense
Rumus: Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement
- (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus: Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object
4. Conditional / Past Future Tense
- (Simple) Conditional / Past Future tense
Rumus: Subject + should/would + be + object
- Conditional / Past Future Continuous tense
Rumus: Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing + object
- Conditional / Past Future Perfect tense
Rumus: Subject + should/would + have + been + complement
- Conditional / Past Future Perfect Continuous tense
Rumus: Subject + should/would + have + been + verb-ing + object
BAB III
Contoh-contoh kaliamat tenses
1. Present Tenses
- Simple present tenses
a. (+) You are a teacher
(- ) You are NOT a teacher
(? ) Are you a teacher?
(- ) You are NOT a teacher
(? ) Are you a teacher?
b. (+) She drinks coffe
(- ) She does not drink coffee
(? ) DOES She drink coffee?
(- ) She does not drink coffee
(? ) DOES She drink coffee?
c. (+) I work at the office.
(- ) I don't work at the office
(? ) Do you work at the office?
(- ) I don't work at the office
(? ) Do you work at the office?
a. (+) I am watching TV now
(- ) I am not watching TV
(? ) Do you watching TV ?
(- ) I am not watching TV
(? ) Do you watching TV ?
b. (+) I am reading this book now
(- ) Mr. Asep is not going to campus
(? ) Do you hear something ?
(- ) Mr. Asep is not going to campus
(? ) Do you hear something ?
c. (+) We were watching a movie on TV
(- ) She is not staying in Bekasi
(? ) Are They seeing the Movie tonight ?
(- ) She is not staying in Bekasi
(? ) Are They seeing the Movie tonight ?
a. (+) I have finished my work.
(- ) I haven't finished my homework.
(? ) Have I finished my homework?
(- ) I haven't finished my homework.
(? ) Have I finished my homework?
b. (+) She has eaten lunch.
(- ) She has not eaten lunch.
(? ) Has she eaten lunch?
(- ) She has not eaten lunch.
(? ) Has she eaten lunch?
c. (+) You have seen that movie.
(- ) You haven't seen that movie
(? ) Have you seen that movie?
(- ) You haven't seen that movie
(? ) Have you seen that movie?
a. (+) I have been watching TV for two hours
(- ) Marina has not been learning english for two years
(? ) Have you been reading a book for an hour ?
(- ) Marina has not been learning english for two years
(? ) Have you been reading a book for an hour ?
b. (+) She has been learning english for 3 years
(- ) She has not been learning english for 3 years
(? ) Has She been learning english for 3 years?
(- ) She has not been learning english for 3 years
(? ) Has She been learning english for 3 years?
c. (+) I have been living in this house since 2000
(- ) I have not been living in this house for nine years
(? ) Have you been living in this house for nine years?
(- ) I have not been living in this house for nine years
(? ) Have you been living in this house for nine years?
2. Past Tenses
a. (+) My Father bought this car last year
(- ) My father didn't bought this car last year
(? ) Did my father buy this car last year?
(- ) My father didn't bought this car last year
(? ) Did my father buy this car last year?
b. (+) They went to Tokyo last month
(- ) They didn't go to Tokyo last month
(? ) Did they go to Tokyo last month?
(- ) They didn't go to Tokyo last month
(? ) Did they go to Tokyo last month?
c. (+) She went home two minutes ago
(- ) She did not go home two minutes ago
(? ) When did she go home?
(- ) She did not go home two minutes ago
(? ) When did she go home?
a. (+) he was going to school last day
(- ) He was not going to school last day
(? ) was he going to school last day?
(- ) He was not going to school last day
(? ) was he going to school last day?
b. (+) My daughter was watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
(- ) My daughter was not watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
(? ) Was your daughter watching TV at eight o’clock last night?
(- ) My daughter was not watching TV at eight o’clock last night.
(? ) Was your daughter watching TV at eight o’clock last night?
c. (+) She was copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning
(- ) She was not copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning
(? ) Was she copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning?
(- ) She was not copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning
(? ) Was she copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning?
a. (+) I had studied hard but I didn’t make good result in the exam.
(- ) I had not studied hard, so I didn’t make good result.
(? ) Had You studied hard?
(- ) I had not studied hard, so I didn’t make good result.
(? ) Had You studied hard?
b. (+) He had bought a rose when he went to his girlfriend’s house.
(- ) He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.
(? ) Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house?
(- ) He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.
(? ) Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house?
c. (+) We had studied English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL test.
(- ) They had not studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test las week.
(? ) Had they studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week?
(- ) They had not studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test las week.
(? ) Had they studied long enough when they decided to take a TOEFL test last week?
a. (+) I had been living in that house for nine years.
(- ) I had not been living in that house for nine years.
(? ) Had I been living in that house for nine years?
(- ) I had not been living in that house for nine years.
(? ) Had I been living in that house for nine years?
b. (+) We had been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL.
(- ) We had not been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL.
(? ) Had we been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL?
(- ) We had not been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL.
(? ) Had we been studying English just for a month before we decided to take a TOEFL?
c. (+) He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
(- ) He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(? ) Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ?
(- ) He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(? ) Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ?
3. (Present) Future Tenses
A. (Present) Simple Future tense
a. (+) We will go to school soon.
(- ) We will not go to school soon.
(? ) Will we go to school soon ?
(- ) We will not go to school soon.
(? ) Will we go to school soon ?
b. (+) Farmers in Jati Bali will grow rice crops next month.
(- ) Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month.
(? ) Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month?
(- ) Farmers in Jati Bali will not grow rice crops next month.
(? ) Will farmers in Jati Bali grow rice crops next month?
c. (+) Adi Will go to Surabaya to finish his education.
(- ) Adi will not go to Surabaya to finish his education
(? ) Will Adi go to Surabaya to finish his education?
(- ) Adi will not go to Surabaya to finish his education
(? ) Will Adi go to Surabaya to finish his education?
B. (Present) Future Continuous tense
a. (+) She will be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning.
(- ) She will not be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning.
(? ) Will she be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning?
(- ) She will not be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning.
(? ) Will she be copying the materials at 10 o’clock this morning?
b. (+) My daughter will be watching TV at eight thirty tonight.
(- ) My daughter will not be watching TV at eight thirty tonight.
(? ) Will your daughter be watching TV at eight thirty tonight?
(- ) My daughter will not be watching TV at eight thirty tonight.
(? ) Will your daughter be watching TV at eight thirty tonight?
c. (+) I will be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday.
(- ) I will not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday.
(? ) Will you be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday?
(- ) I will not be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday.
(? ) Will you be discussing English with my classmates at 2 p.m. next Friday?
C. (Present) Future Perfect tense
a. (+) You will have worked
(- ) You will not have worked
(? ) Will You have worked?
(- ) You will not have worked
(? ) Will You have worked?
b. (+) They will have driven home
(- ) They will not have driven home
(? ) Will They have driven home?
(- ) They will not have driven home
(? ) Will They have driven home?
c. (+) She will have learned music
(- ) She will not have learned music
(? ) Will She have learned music?
(- ) She will not have learned music
(? ) Will She have learned music?
D. (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
a. (+)You will have been working
(- ) You will not have been working
(? ) Will You have been working?
(- ) You will not have been working
(? ) Will You have been working?
b. (+)They will have been driving home
(- ) They will not have been driving home
(? ) Will They have been driving home?
(- ) They will not have been driving home
(? ) Will They have been driving home?
c. (+)She will have been learning music
(- ) She will not have been learning music
(? ) Will She have been learning music?
(- ) She will not have been learning music
(? ) Will She have been learning music?
4. Conditional / Past Future Tense
A. (Simple) Conditional / Past Future tense
a. (+) According to the weather forecast, it would rain yesterday
(- ) According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
(? ) According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday?
(- ) According to the weather forecast, it would not rain yesterday.
(? ) According to the weather forecast, would it rain yesterday?
b. (+) Ronny was being at my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
(- ) Ronny wasn’t going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
(? ) Would Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
(- ) Ronny wasn’t going to come to my house at 7 p.m. two days ago.
(? ) Would Jeny, Ronny’s girlfriend, come too?
c. (+) He was meeting his business partner at noon two days ago
(- ) He wasn’t going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
(? ) Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
(- ) He wasn’t going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago.
(? ) Was he going to meet his business partner at noon two days ago?
B. Conditional / Past Future Continuous tense
a. (+) You would be working
(- ) You would not be working.
(? ) Would You be working?
(- ) You would not be working.
(? ) Would You be working?
b. (+) They would be driving home
(- ) They would not be driving home.
(? ) Would They be driving home?
(- ) They would not be driving home.
(? ) Would They be driving home?
c. (+) She would be learning music
(- ) She would not be learning music.
(? ) Would She be learning music?
(- ) She would not be learning music.
(? ) Would She be learning music?
C. Conditional / Past Future Perfect tense
a. (+) I predicted that by 3 p.m. yesterday, I would have finished reading this book
(- ) Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3 p.m.
(? ) Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were thinner?
(- ) Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3 p.m.
(? ) Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were thinner?
b. (+) I thought Barcelona would have scored three goals when the first half was over. Because its opponent was tough, however, it didn’t score even a single goal.
(- ) I never thought that Barcelona wouldn’t have scored even a single goal when the first half was over.
(? ) Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its opponent had been Indonesian team?
(- ) I never thought that Barcelona wouldn’t have scored even a single goal when the first half was over.
(? ) Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its opponent had been Indonesian team?
c. (+) I had studied hard but I didn’t make good result in the exam.
(- ) I had not studied hard, so I didn’t make good result.
(? ) Had You studied make good result in the exam?
(- ) I had not studied hard, so I didn’t make good result.
(? ) Had You studied make good result in the exam?
D. Conditional / Past Future Perfect Continuous tense
a. (+) I would have been swimming for 30 minutes
(- ) I would not have been swimming for 30 minutes
(? ) Would You have been swimming for 30 minutes?
(- ) I would not have been swimming for 30 minutes
(? ) Would You have been swimming for 30 minutes?
b. (+) When she decided to get married, “She would have been working there for 1 year.
(- ) She would not have been working there for 1 year
(? ) Would She have been working there for 1 year?
(- ) She would not have been working there for 1 year
(? ) Would She have been working there for 1 year?
c. (+) I would have been swimming for 30 minutes When You called me yesterday.
(- ) I would not have been swimming for 30 minutes
(? ) Would You have been swimming for 30 minutes?
(- ) I would not have been swimming for 30 minutes
(? ) Would You have been swimming for 30 minutes?
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